How to use the programme

In [Guide]Introduction it is explained how you make SuomiTan available on your computer. As said, the running programme has a topmost bar with a number of push-buttons on the screen: [input (F/D)] [full articles +] [+-] [,+] [(D-)F _] [(F-)D ,] [F analysis -] [-+] [D analysis --] [F reverse k_] [D reverse b_] [vejledning] [Guide] and Window.

The main window contains an upper left window with results and a central window with guide or dictionary. If you place the cursor on the uppermost blue bar of a window and press the left mouse button down, the window will follow the cursor.

Here follows an explanation to the first eleven push-buttons, ending with [D reverse b_]. I shall start with the first four:

[input (F/D)] [full articles +] [+-] [,+]

The first push-button is [input (F/D)]; if you push it, a small dialog box will pop up. Here you may write the Finnish or Danish word that is to be looked up or investigated. You may also point at a word in a window and double click the left mouse button, or tap the mouse pad on a laptop computer. It is possible to write in the window 'results'.

Now give the word "aalto" (without quotation marks). In the window 'results' the programme will respond:

looked in (double click / tap) : I2 o3 s1 Q1 T1 n2 y26

suomi: (i2;108 1) >aalto . bølge _ _aallon |

"aalto" is Finnish (suomi) and means '(en) bølge' ('a wave') in Danish. "i2;108 1" indicates the first segment of article no. 108 in the dictionary file i2. "_ _aallon" after the Danish translation refers to the Danish-Finnish dictionary, see under [(D-)F _] [(F-)D ,] below.

The programme will remember the latest given word. Give it again through the push-button [full articles +], i.e. with a sign +, and obtain:

The basic word is "aalto". The following words with a sign ">" are derivations (johdokset) of it. "%aaltoinen" corresponds to "-aaltoinen" in Kielitoimiston sanakirja; it occurs as the second word in some compounds. Later in the article come a number of words with a sign ";"; they are compounds of "aalto" and another word.

If you give the word through the push-button [+-], the article is shown in the form it has in the dictionary:

Above, "&" was replaced by ";aalto". A double click on these words will show their Danish equivalents.

You may also double click on the "I2" shown initially when you give the word through [input (F/D)], and see this part of the lexicon file i2 in a new central window. Each article in the dictionary occupies a line in the file. If you write a "-" in front of "I2" before double clicking, i.e. give "-I2", the lines are not broken at the right window border.

If you give a word (e.g. "aalto") through the push-button [,+], only those segments (after the first) are shown which contain something more than Kielitoimiston sanakirja:

A double click on the "Q1" shown initially gives a lexicon with these segments alone.

Finnish words (such as =ark.) in the text in the Finnish-Danish dictionary are given with a sign "=". And so are Danish words in the text in the Danish-Finnish dictionary. "ark." is explained in Finnish in [Guide]Abbreviations in the pocket dictionary. "ark." stands for "arkikielessä" 'in colloquial language'.

[(D-)F _] [(F-)D ,]

"aalto" through [input (F/D)] and a double click on "s1" will show the article segment(s) (if any) in the Danish-Finnish dictionary which contain the word. You may also give "aalto" through the push-button [(D-)F _], i.e. with a sign "_":

dansk: (t4;473 1) >bølge . aalto, laine |

dansk(2): (t19,255) >langbølge . pitkä aalto

dansk(3): (t21,429) >mellembølge . keskipitkä aalto

dansk(4): (t33;532 1) >sø . järvi; meri; aalto |

dansk(5): (t38,483) >vove . aalto, laine

A number of synonyms and examples of use are shown. "_" after a Finnish word (as in ">aalto . bølge _ _aallon") indicates that the Danish-Finnish dictionary says something (more) about it. A double click on "_aallon" gives:

dansk: (t4;473 4) ;bølgedal . aallon pohja |

A double click on ";bølgedal" and on the initially shown "y41" gives the article segment(s) (if any) in the Finnish-Danish dictionary where the word occurs. You may also give "bølgedal" through [(F-)D ,], i.e. with a sign ",":

suomi: (i2;106 4) ;aallonpohja . bølgedal

"aallon pohja" 'bottom of a wave' is a Finnish explanation of Danish "bølgedal" '[valley or] trough of the sea'; but the words are usually compounded as in the Danish equivalent. You may double click on ";aallonpohja" and give it in through [full articles +]:

(i2,106) >aallon- (=aalto) : ;aallonharja . bølgekam, bølgetop | ;aallonmurtaja . bølgebryder, mole _ | ;aallonpituus . bølgelængde | ;aallonpohja . bølgedal

or through [,+]:

(i2,106) >aallon- (=aalto) : &harja . bølgekam, bølgetop | &murtaja . bølgebryder, mole _ | &pituus . bølgelængde | &pohja . bølgedal

This article starts with "allon-" and contains compounds with another word only. "aallon-" 'wave-' is from "aallon" 'of a/the wave', see under [analysis -] below.

The sign "," is used with Danish botanical names in the Danish-Finnish dictionary; the full names are in the Finnish-Danish dictionary, see the last part of [Guide]Compounds (yhdyssanat).

An "N" in the Finnish-Danish dictionary indicates that the word is in the more comprehensive Nykysuomen sanakirja (1951-61), e.g.

looked in (double click / tap) : I19 o32 s16 q9 T14 n19 y72

suomi: (i19,292) >häkilä _ _häkilöidä N

"häkilä" through [(D-)F _] gives:

dansk: (t13;37 1) >hegle . häkilä |

and "hegle" through [full articles +] gives:

(t13,37) >hegle . häkilä | >hegle . häkilöidä | >hegle =ned: sadella

[F analysis -] [-+] [D analysis --]

If you give a Finnish word through the push-button [F analysis -], the programme will attempt to analyse it in Finnish meaningful parts. And the same if you give a Danish word through the push-button [D analysis --]. If you give a long Finnish word through [-+], you obtain a more correct analysis of the word. There is a difference when the stem of the given word is composed of more than 2, see [Guide]Compounds (yhdyssanat).

"aalto" through [F analysis -] gives:

suomi: (i2;106 1) >aallon- (=aalto) : ;aallonharja . bølgekam, bølgetop |

suomi(2): (i2;108 1) >aalto . bølge _ _aallon |

More (double click / tap) : s 0

The programme now shows all the signed occurrencies of "aalto" in the Finnish dictionary (I = the files i). "s" in the final line with other results indicates that the word has been found in the Danish-Finnish dictionary (T = the files t). You can see the occurencies if you double click on "s", or if you give the word through [(D-)F _].

A double click on "0" in the line with other results gives:

0 : simplest analysis/analyses

Analysis : aalto/ = aalto4.¤0 (s,n)

suomi: (i2;108 1) >aalto . bølge _ _aallon |

<.¤0 singular, nominative>

More (double click / tap) : o s

"aalto" is analysed as the nominal stem aalto4 with the zero inflexion (4).¤0 (s,n) for singular, nominative. This inflexion has the substance "¤" = zero, but like other inflexions it transforms the stem (here aalto4) into a word (here "aalto" = aalto0).

"aallon" through [F analysis -] gives:

suomi: (i2;108 1) >aalto . bølge _ _aallon |

More (double click / tap) : s 0 12

0 : simplest analysis/analyses

Analysis : aallo/n = aallo4.n0 (s,g)

suomi: (i2;108 1) >aalto . bølge _ _aallon |

<.n0 singular, genitive>

More (double click / tap) : o s 12

"aallon" is analysed as the nominal stem aalto4 with the inflexion (4).n0 for (s,g) = singular, genitive. A double click on "12" will give some more fancy analyses which we may safely ignore.

The first item in each article is a basic word like "aalto", or it is the first part (like "aallon-") of compounds. After a basic word come two spaces and often a digit 0/1/2/4/5 between them.

After "aalto" in the dictionary article come just the two spaces, meaning that the stem has the inflection most common for nominals with this form in the singular, nominative. Nominals with a less common (but regular) inflection are given with a digit 4, or 5 in a few cases. E.g. "suomi" is suomi 4 in the dictionary and "suomen" in singular genitive. "parfait" is parfait 5 in the dictionary and "parfait'n" in singular, genitive.

Finnish adjectives and nouns take the same inflexions - when the Finnish 'inflection' of degree (comparison) is treated as derivation + inflection, that is.

A digit 2 between the two spaces indicates that the basic word is a verb with inflexion for first infinitive, lative. All other basic words = stems are given with a digit 0 (or 1) after in the Finnish-Danish dictionary.

I have added no digit for word class and inflection after the stems in the Danish-Finnish dictionary; the default value 0 is ascribed to them all. But a few small words are given with 1 in order to suppress false analyses involving them. The Finnish dictionary also has 1 (here: instead of 0) after a few small words which cannot (easily) combine with others.

As said, the basic word for Finnish verbal stems is the stem with the inflexion (2).TA0, for first infinitive in the case lative and with a digit 2 between the spaces after. Give e.g. "aaltoilla" through [F analysis -] and obtain:

suomi: (i2;109 1) >aaltoilla 2 . bølge ('to wave') _ |

More (double click / tap) : s 0 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14

s : Finnish words in the text of T

dansk: (t4,474) >bølge . aaltoilla, lainehtia

More (double click / tap) : o 0 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14

0 : simplest analysis/analyses

Analysis : aaltoil/la = aaltoil2.TA,0 (TA,)

suomi: (i2;109 1) >aaltoilla 2 . bølge _ |

<.TA,0 first infinitive, lative>

More (double click / tap) : o s 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14

The word can be described as the verbal stem aaltoil2 with the said inflexion.

A double click on "3" gives a deeper analysis:

Analysis : aalto/il/la = aalto4.il2.TA,0 (TA,)

suomi: (i2;108 1) >aalto . bølge _ _aallon |

<.il2 aikailla (aika), pyöräillä (pyörä), nyrkkeillä (nyrkki), helmeillä (helmi), palloilla (pallo); komeilla (komea), haaveilla (haave)>

<.TA0, first infinitive, lative>

More (double click / tap) : o s 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14

The verbal stem aaltoil2 is probably the noun stem aalto4 expanded with the derivational morpheme (4).il2. The meaning of the derivational morphemes is just sketched with a few examples. You may also give the surface form "/illa" ("/" is upper case of "7"):

looked in (double click / tap) : I1 o1 s1 q1

suomi: (i1,41) >/illa 2 >/illä 2 * 2.il2 . halailla (halata), keräillä (kerätä), putoilla (pudota), istuilla (istua), loikoilla (loikoa)

suomi(2): (i1,42) >/illa 2 >/illä 2 * 4.il2 . aikailla (aika), pyöräillä (pyörä), nyrkkeillä (nyrkki), helmeillä (helmi), palloilla (pallo); komeilla (komea), haaveilla (haave)

There is also a derivational morpheme (2).il2 which is added to verbal stems. We have it in the still deeper analysis which is obtained with "8":

Analysis : aalto//il/la = aalto4.T2.il2.TA,0 (TA,)

suomi: (i2;108 1) >aalto . bølge _ _aallon |

<.T2 mitata (mitta), haudata (hauta), lahota (laho), vivuta (vipu), ahdata (ahdas), aiheta (aihe)>

<.il2 halailla (halata), keräillä (kerätä), putoilla (pudota), istuilla (istua), loikoilla (loikoa)>

<.TA0, first infinitive, lative>

More (double click / tap) : o s 0 3 6 7 9 10 11 12 14

In this analysis the noun stem aalto4 is made into a verbal stem aalloT2 which in the first infinitive, lative would be "aallota". This form also occurs in the article for "aalto", and Kielitoimiston sanakirja says that "aaltoilla" is used more commonly.

A double click on "6" gives:

Analysis : aalto/i/lla = aalto4.i3.llA0 (pl,llA)

suomi: (i2;108 1) >aalto . bølge _ _aallon |

<.i3 plural>

<.llA0 adessive>

More (double click / tap) : o s 0 3 7 8 9 10 11 12 14

"aaltoilla" may also be the noun stem aalto4 with inflexion for plural, adessive. "7" and "10" give the analysis imperative(, second person singular) of a possible "aaltoiltaa" 'cause to wave'. "9", "11", "12" and "14" give some more wild analyses of "aaltoilla".

Some articles begin with two or more equivalent basic words; e.g. "manner" through [full articles +] gives:

and through [+-]:

Above, "&" was replaced by ";" plus the first basic word; with an exchange of the two basic words the article would be:

(The last separator ("|") just secures that no segment contains more than 3 compounds.)

If you give e.g. "mantereinen" through [F analysis -], the programme will (with any order of the two basic words) find the stem mantere4 and analyse the word correctly:

suomi: (i49,204 2) >mantereinen >mantereisuus |

More (double click/tap) : 0 6 7 9 11 12 13

0 : simplest analysis/analyses

Analysis : mantere/inen/ = mantere4.inen4.¤0 (s,n)

suomi: (i49;204 1) >manner >mantere . fastland |

<.inen4 aikainen (aika), hikinen (hiki), jäinen (jää), luinen (luu), käteinen (käsi), paksuinen (paksu), hopeinen (hopea), alipaineinen (alipaine)>

<.¤0 singular, nominative>

More (double click / tap) : o 6 7 9 11 12 13

[F reverse k_] [D reverse b_]

If you give a word through [F reverse k_] or [D reverse b_], it will be reversed and looked up in a list of reversed Finnish resp. Danish entry words. "aallonpohja" through [F reverse k_] thus gives:

aallonpohja, käänteinen : ajhopnollaa

looked in : a12

A Double click on "a12" will now show the entry words in the Finnish-Danish dictionary which resemble "aallonpohja" on the right. Words containing "é" or other accented letters are not included in this list.