How to use the programme
In [Guide]Introduction
it is explained how you make SuomiTan available on your computer. As said, the
running programme has a topmost bar with a number of push-buttons on the
screen: [F-D,D-F] [full articles +] [+-] [,+] [(D-)F _]
[(F-)D ,] [F analysis -] [,-] [D analysis --] [F reverse k_] [D reverse b_]
[vejledning] [Guide] and Window.
The main window contains an upper
left window with results and a central window with guide or dictionary. If you
place the cursor on the uppermost blue bar of a window and press the left mouse
button down, the window will follow the cursor.
Here follows an explanation to the
first eleven push-buttons, ending with [D reverse b_]. I shall start with the
first four:
[F-D,D-F] [full articles +] [+-] [,+]
The first push-button is [F-D,D-F]; if you push it, a small dialog box will pop up. Here
you may write the Finnish or Danish word that is to be looked up or
investigated. You may also point at a word in a window and double click the left
mouse button, or tap the mouse pad on a laptop computer. It is possible to
write in the window 'results'.
Now give the word "aalto"
(without quotation marks). In the window 'results' the programme will respond:
looked in (double
click / tap) : I2 o3 s1 q1 T1 n2 y26
suomi: (i2;108 1) >aalto . bølge _ _aallon |
"aalto"
is Finnish (suomi) and means '(en) bølge' ('a wave') in Danish. "i2;108 1" indicates the first segment of article no.
The programme will remember the
latest given word. Give it again through the push-button [full articles +],
i.e. with a sign +, and obtain:
(i2,108) >aalto . bølge _
_aallon | >aalloittain >aalloittainen >aalloittaisuus >aallokas
>aallota >aallotar >aallottaa >aallotus %aaltoinen | ;aaltoallas
;aaltoalue ;aaltoenergia | ;aaltolevy . bølgeblik |
;aaltoliike . bølgebevægelse | ;aaltopahvi |
;aaltopelti _ | ;aaltopituus | ;aaltosulje . tobueklamme,
(=
The basic word is "aalto".
The following words with a sign ">" are derivations (johdokset) of
it. "%aaltoinen" corresponds to "-aaltoinen" in Kielitoimiston
sanakirja; it occurs as the second word in some compounds. Later in the article
come a number of words with a sign ";"; they are compounds of
"aalto" and another word.
If you give the word through the
push-button [+-], the article is shown in the form it has in the dictionary:
(i2,108)
"aalto .
bølge _ _aallon | >aalloittain >aalloittainen
>aalloittaisuus >aallokas >aallota >aallotar >aallottaa
>aallotus %aaltoinen | &allas &alue &energia | &levy . bølgeblik | &liike . bølgebevægelse
| &pahvi | &pelti _ | &pituus | &sulje . tobueklamme,
(=
Above, "&" was
replaced by ";aalto". A double click on
these words will show their Danish equivalents.
You may also double click on the
"I2" shown initially when you give the word through [F-D,D-F], and see this part of the lexicon file i2 in a new
central window. Each article in the dictionary occupies a line in the file. If
you write a "-" in front of "I2" before double clicking,
i.e. give "-I2", the lines are not broken at the right window border.
If you give a word (e.g.
"aalto") through the push-button [,+], only
those segments (after the first) are shown which contain something more than
Kielitoimiston sanakirja:
(i2,108) >aalto . bølge _
_aallon | &levy . bølgeblik | &liike . bølgebevægelse | &pelti _ | &sulje . tobueklamme, (=
A double click on the "q1" shown initially gives a lexicon with these segments
alone.
Finnish words (such as =
[(D-)F _]
[(F-)D ,]
"aalto"
through [F-D,D-F] and a double click on "s1" will show the article
segment(s) (if any) in the Danish-Finnish dictionary which contain the word.
You may also give "aalto" through the push-button [(D-)F _], i.e. with a sign "_":
dansk: (t4;473 1) >bølge . aalto, laine |
dansk(2): (t19,255) >langbølge . pitkä aalto
dansk(3): (t21,429) >mellembølge . keskipitkä
aalto
dansk(4): (t33;532 1) >sø . järvi; meri;
aalto |
dansk(5): (t38,483) >vove . aalto, laine
A number of synonyms and examples of
use are shown. "_" after a Finnish word (as in ">aalto . bølge _ _aallon") indicates that the Danish-Finnish
dictionary says something (more) about it. A double click on
"_aallon" gives:
dansk: (t4;473 4)
;bølgedal . aallon pohja |
A double click on ";bølgedal" and on the initially shown "y41"
gives the article segment(s) (if any) in the Finnish-Danish dictionary where
the word occurs. You may also give "bølgedal" through [(F-)D ,], i.e. with a sign ",":
suomi:
(i2;106 4) ;aallonpohja . bølgedal
"aallon
pohja" 'bottom of a wave' is a Finnish explanation of Danish
"bølgedal" '[valley or] trough of the sea'; but the words are usually
compounded as in the Danish equivalent. You may double click on ";aallonpohja" and give it in through [full articles +]:
(i2,106) >aallon- (=aalto)
: ;aallonharja . bølgekam, bølgetop |
;aallonmurtaja . bølgebryder, mole _ | ;aallonpituus .
bølgelængde | ;aallonpohja . bølgedal
or through [,+]:
(i2,106) >aallon- (=aalto)
: &harja . bølgekam, bølgetop |
&murtaja . bølgebryder, mole _ | &pituus . bølgelængde | &pohja . bølgedal
This article starts with
"allon-" and contains compounds with another word only.
"aallon-" 'wave-' is from "aallon" 'of a/the wave', see under [analysis -] below.
The sign "," is used with
Danish botanical names in the Danish-Finnish dictionary; the full names are in
the Finnish-Danish dictionary, see the last part of [Guide]Compounds
(yhdyssanat).
An "N" in the
Finnish-Danish dictionary indicates that the word is in the more comprehensive
Nykysuomen sanakirja (1951-61), e.g.
looked in (double
click / tap) : I19 o32 s16 q9 T14 n19 y72
suomi:
(i19,292) >häkilä _ _häkilöidä
N
"häkilä"
through [D-)F _] gives:
dansk:
(t13;37 1) >hegle . häkilä |
and "hegle" through [full articles +] gives:
(t13,37)
>hegle . häkilä | >hegle .
häkilöidä | >hegle =ned: sadella
[F analysis -] [,-] [D analysis --]
If you give a Finnish word through
the push-button [F analysis -], the programme will attempt to analyse it in
Finnish meaningful parts. And the same for Danish. You
may obtain a faster analysis of a long Finnish word by giving it through the
push-button [,-], see [Guide]Compounds (yhdyssanat).
"aalto"
through [F analysis -] gives:
suomi: (i2;106
1) >aallon- (=aalto) : ;aallonharja . bølgekam,
bølgetop |
suomi(2): (i2;108 1)
>aalto . bølge _ _aallon |
More (double
click / tap) :
s 0
The programme now shows all the
signed occurrencies of "aalto" in the Finnish dictionary (I = the files
i). "s" in the final line with other results
indicates that the word has been found in the Danish-Finnish dictionary (T =
the files t). You can see the occurencies if you double click on "s",
or if you give the word through [(D-)F _].
A double click on "0" in
the line with other results gives:
0 : simplest analysis/analyses
Analysis :
aalto/ = aalto4.¤0
(s,n)
suomi: (i2;108 1) >aalto . bølge _ _aallon |
<.¤0 singular, nominative>
More (double click / tap) : o s
"aalto"
is analysed as the nominal stem aalto4 with the zero inflexion (4).¤0 (s,n) for
singular, nominative. This inflexion has the substance "¤" = zero,
but like other inflexions it transforms the stem (here aalto4) into a word
(here "aalto" = aalto0).
"aallon"
through [F analysis -] gives:
suomi: (i2;108 1) >aalto . bølge _ _aallon |
More (double
click / tap) :
s 0 12
0 : simplest anaysis/analyses
Analysis :
aallo/n = aallo4.n0
(s,g)
suomi: (i2;108 1) >aalto . bølge _ _aallon |
<.n0 singular, genitive>
More (double click / tap) : o s 12
"aallon"
is analysed as the nominal stem aalto4 with the inflexion (4).n0 for (s,g) =
singular, genitive. A double click on "12" will give some more fancy
analyses which we may safely ignore.
The first item in each article is a
basic word like "aalto", or it is the first part (like
"aallon-") of compounds. After a basic word come two spaces and often
a digit 0/1/2/4/5 between them.
After "aalto" in the
dictionary article come just the two spaces, meaning that the stem has the
inflection most common for nominals with this form in the singular, nominative.
Nominals with a less common (but regular) inflection are given with a digit 4,
or
Finnish adjectives and nouns take
the same inflexions - when the Finnish 'inflection' of degree (comparison) is
treated as derivation + inflection, that is.
A digit 2 between the two spaces
indicates that the basic word is a verb with inflexion for first infinitive,
lative. All other basic words = stems are given with a digit 0 (or 1) after in
the Finnish-Danish dictionary.
I have added no digit for word class
and inflection after the stems in the Danish-Finnish dictionary; the default
value 0 is ascribed to them all. But a few small words are given with
As said, the basic word for Finnish
verbal stems is the stem with the inflexion (2).TA0, for first infinitive in
the case lative and with a digit 2 between the spaces after. Give e.g.
"aaltoilla" through [F analysis -] and obtain:
suomi: (i2;109 1) >aaltoilla 2 . bølge ('to wave') _ |
More (double
click / tap) :
s 0 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14
s : Finnish words in the text of T
dansk:
(t4,474) >bølge . aaltoilla, lainehtia
More
(double click / tap) :
o 0 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14
0 : simplest analysis/analyses
Analysis : aaltoil/la
= aaltoil2.TA,0 (TA,)
suomi: (i2;109 1) >aaltoilla 2 . bølge _ |
<.TA,0 first infinitive,
lative>
More (double click / tap) : o s 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14
The word can be described as the
verbal stem aaltoil2 with the said inflexion.
A double click on "3"
gives a deeper analysis:
3
Analysis : aalto/il/la
= aalto4.il2.TA,0 (TA,)
suomi: (i2;108 1) >aalto . bølge _ _aallon |
<.il2 aikailla (aika), pyöräillä (pyörä),
nyrkkeillä (nyrkki), helmeillä (helmi), palloilla (pallo); komeilla (komea),
haaveilla (haave)>
<.TA0, first infinitive,
lative>
More (double click / tap) : o s 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14
The verbal stem aaltoil2 is probably
the noun stem aalto4 expanded with the derivational morpheme (4).il2. The
meaning of the derivational morphemes is just sketched with a few examples. You
may also give the surface form "/illa" ("/" is upper case
of "7"):
looked in (double
click / tap) : I1 o1 s1 q1
suomi:
(i1,41) >/illa 2 >/illä 2 * 2.il2 . halailla
(halata), keräillä (kerätä), putoilla (pudota), istuilla (istua), loikoilla
(loikoa)
suomi(2):
(i1,42) >/illa 2 >/illä 2 * 4.il2 . aikailla
(aika), pyöräillä (pyörä), nyrkkeillä (nyrkki), helmeillä (helmi), palloilla
(pallo); komeilla (komea), haaveilla (haave)
There is also a derivational
morpheme (2).il2 which is added to verbal stems. We have it in the still deeper
analysis which is obtained with "8":
8
Analysis : aalto//il/la
= aalto4.T2.il2.TA,0 (TA,)
suomi: (i2;108 1) >aalto . bølge _ _aallon |
<.T2 mitata (mitta), haudata (hauta), lahota
(laho), vivuta (vipu), ahdata (ahdas), aiheta (aihe)>
<.il2 halailla (halata), keräillä (kerätä),
putoilla (pudota), istuilla (istua), loikoilla (loikoa)>
<.TA0, first infinitive,
lative>
More (double click / tap) : o s 0 3 6 7 9 10 11 12 14
In this analysis the noun stem
aalto4 is made into a verbal stem aalloT2 which in the first infinitive, lative
would be "aallota". This form also occurs in the article for
"aalto", and Kielitoimiston sanakirja says that "aaltoilla"
is used more commonly.
A double click on "6"
gives:
Analysis
: aalto/i/lla
= aalto4.i3.llA0 (pl,llA)
suomi: (i2;108 1) >aalto . bølge _ _aallon |
<.i3 plural>
<.llA0
adessive>
More (double click / tap) : o s 0 3 7 8 9 10 11 12 14
"aaltoilla"
may also be the noun stem aalto4 with inflexion for plural, adessive.
"7" and "10" give the analysis imperative(,
second person singular) of a possible "aaltoiltaa" 'cause to wave'.
"9", "11", "12" and "14" give some more
wild analyses of "aaltoilla".
Some articles begin with two or more
equivalent basic words; e.g. "manner" through [full articles +]
gives:
suomi: (i49,204)
>manner >mantere . fastland _ |
>mantereinen >mantereisuus | ;mannerilmasto _ | ;mannerjalusta ;mannerjää
| ;mannerjäätikkö _ | ;mannerlaatta ;mannerliikunto | ;mannerrinne
;mannervaltio
and through [+-]:
(i49,204)
"manner
>mantere . fastland _ | >mantereinen >mantereisuus | &ilmasto
_ | &jalusta &jää | &jäätikkö _ | &laatta &liikunto |
&rinne &valtio
Above, "&" was
replaced by ";" plus the first basic word; with an exchange of the
two basic words the article would be:
(i49,204)
"mantere
>manner . fastland _ | +inen +isuus | ;mannerilmasto _ |
;mannerjalusta ;mannerjää | ;mannerjäätikkö _ | ;mannerlaatta ;mannerliikunto |
;mannerrinne ;mannervaltio
(The last separator ("|")
just secures that no segment contains more than 3 compounds.)
If you give e.g.
"mantereinen" through [F analysis -], the programme will (with any
order of the two basic words) find the stem mantere4 and analyse the word
correctly:
suomi:
(i49,204 2) >mantereinen
>mantereisuus |
More (double click/tap) : 0 6 7 9 11 12 13
0 : simplest analysis/analyses
Analysis :
mantere/inen/ = mantere4.inen4.¤0 (s,n)
suomi:
(i49;204 1) >manner
>mantere . fastland
|
<.inen4 aikainen (aika),
hikinen (hiki), jäinen (jää), luinen (luu), käteinen (käsi), paksuinen (paksu),
hopeinen (hopea), alipaineinen (alipaine)>
<.¤0
singular, nominative>
More (double click / tap) : o 6 7 9 11 12 13
[F reverse
k_] [D reverse b_]
If you give a word through [F
reverse k_] or [D reverse b_], it will be reversed and looked up in a list of
reversed Finnish resp. Danish entry words. "aallonpohja"
through [F reverse k_] thus gives:
aallonpohja, käänteinen : ajhopnollaa
looked in : a12
A Double click on "a12" will
now show the entry words in the Finnish-Danish dictionary which resemble
"aallonpohja" on the right. Words containing "é" or other
accented letters are not included in this list.